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over 6,000,000 taels, spindles 345,026), and two were Japanese. But it is reported that the international cotton mill mentioned above has been sold to a Japanese company. But the principal competition comes from the Chinese themselves, who are becoming more and more interested in the development of their cotton industry. In June 1920. there were thirty-five Chinese-owned cotton mills in operation in China, having 728,112 spindles set up, and 277.316 spindles on order; and there were seventeen new mills being erected, for which 318,016 spindles and 1,510 looms were on order in England and America.
Besides cotton mills, the Chinese in Shanghai own two important shipbuilding dockyards, the Kiangnan Dock and Engineering Works and the Nicholas Tsu They also have fifty-six silk filatures, Engineering and Shipbuilding Works. fourteen flour mills, eleven larger and thirty smaller rice mills, five oil mills, two woollen factories, paper mills, match factories, cigarette factories, a canned goods factory, and a saw mill.
The Japanese, besides their cotton mills, have a flour mill, a paper mill and an oil mill; and the principal Japanese tobacco company is going to establish a factory shortly to compete with the British-American interests.
American companies have three albumen factories, and a soap and candle works, The China Lamp Company, which has a factory for electric light bulbs, is half Japanese and half American. The China Electric Company, which manufactures telephone apparatus, has Chinese, Japanese and American capital interested. The German brewery is now Norwegian; and there was a German soap and candle works.
3. Hankow-
British Cigarette Company. Cigarette factory
Hankow Light and Power Company. Electric light works:
Pao Tai Soap Factory. Soap factory.
Liddell Brothers and Co. Wool-cleaning and press-packing factory.
Mackenzie and Co. Wool-cleaning and press-packing factory.
International Export Company. Cold storage and albumen factory.
Hankow Ice Works. Ice factory.
Hankow Motoring and Engineering Company. Motor car and carriage factory. Hankow Dispensary (Limited). Aerated water factory.
Wilson and Co. Aerated water factory.
The Yang-tsze Engineering Works (shipbuilding and engineering), one of the leading concerns of its kind in China, is a British company under Chinese management.
Except for connection with this last important business, British industrial interests are not so well represented in this second great manufacturing centre of The China; and up to the war German interests were very conspicuous here. Germans have, or had, two antimony smelting works, a brick and tile works, an engine and ironworks, a small electric light plant, a saw mill and five albumen factories. The Russians have five tea factories and an antimony smelting works. The French have an albumen factory, a distillery and a carriage factory. The Belgians have an albumen factory. The Americans have a candle factory (belonging to the Standard Oil Company), an albumen factory and a wool-cleaning and press- packing factory. The Japanese have a wool-cleaning and press-packing factory, an electric light plant and an oil mill.
The Japanese have also, through loans and through the 1915 treaty with China, acquired a preponderant interest in the great undertakings of the Han-Yeh-Ping Company, which is the overshadowing industrial concern of Hankow. These include the Tayeh iron mines and the Pinghsiang collieries, besides the Hanyang iron and steel works, the IIanyang crucible steel factory, and the new industrial city at Wan Shih Kang, which is to provide for the expansion of the blast furnaces and other work. The company is under contract to supply the Japanese Government ircn- works with 600,000 tons iron-ore and 200,000 tons pig-iron per annum
But the principal contributors to the industrial progress of the city are the Chinese themselves. Besides the Han-Yeh-Ping, they own the Hanyang arsenal and the Government antimony smelting works, three engineering works (including the Yang-tsze engineering works), the Government mint, the Government powder factory, the Hupeh Government wool factory, three cotton mills, six flour mills, one silk filature, ten oil mills, two railway works, two brick and tile works, four candle factories, one cement works, five albumen factories, five electric light plants, one
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glass factory, two match factories, one nail and needle factory, one China grass and jute mill, two paper mills, five soap factories, two saw mills, one tannery, one tea factory and one waterworks. A Chinese concern intends shortly to erect one of the largest cotton mills in China at Wuchang,
4. Tien-tsin.
The Kailan Mining Administration (Sino-British capital £3,200,000). Coal mines, bricks, pipes, tiles, &c., iron mining concessions and iron and steel works (projected). Fu-Chung Mining Corporation (Sino-British: capital $1,000,000 nominal).
Coal mines.
Taku Tug and Lighter Company. Dockyards, shipbuilding, &c. Tien-tsin Lighter Company. Dockyards, shipbuilding, &c.
Eastern Engineering Works. Central heating, plumbing and artesian well
boring.
Adair, Graham and Co. Central heating, sanitary engineers and plumbers. Yang Tsun Brickworks. Brickworks.
Tien-tsin Gas and Electric Light Company. Gas and electric light works. Tien-tsin Waterworks Company (Limited). Waterworks.
Tien-tsin Native City Waterworks Company (Limited). Waterworks. Liddell Brothers and Co. Wool-cleaning and press-packing factory. Mackenzie and Co. Wool-cleaning and press-packing factory. Jardine, Matheson and Co. Wool-cleaning and press-packing factory. William Forbes and Co. Wool-cleaning and press-packing factory. Collins and Co. Wool-cleaning and press-packing factory.
Wilson and Co. Wool-cleaning and press-packing factory. Hau and Holtz. Furniture factory. Sims and Co. Furniture factory.
Crystal (Limited). Aerated water factory.
Aerated water factory.
A. Mackie and Co. Aerated water factory. White Star Aerated Water Factory. Tien-tsin Press (Limited). Printing works. North China Printing and Publishing Company. Printing works. Ching Tsin Tai Wo Shih Pao. Printing works.
Of foreign establishments in Tien-tsin, the Germans have, or had, three tobacco factories, four wool-cleaning and press-packing factories and two printing works. The Belgians operate the tramway and the electric light in the French and Japanese concessions, and they also have a brick works. The Italians have an oil mill and a cement works. The French have an engineering works. a brick and tile works, an albumen factory and a soap factory. The Russians have a cold storage, meat packing and albumen factory and a soap factory. The Americans have a candle factory (Standard Oil Company), a flour mill and a new cold storage, meat packing and albumen factory. The Japanese have an ironworks (Mitsui and Co.), a cigarette factory, a tannery, an oil mill, a flour mill, two glass factories and three printing works (English, Japanese and Chinese).
Chinese undertakings in and round Tien-tsin include the Government mint, the Government arsenals at Techow and Taiyuanfu, the workshops connected with the Peking-Mukden railway and the Peking-Hankow railway, the Government woollen cloth factory, six large cotton mills, the Tien-tsin spinning factory, a cement works. two match factories, a tannery, a leather factory, a tobacco factory, a soap and candle factory and a brewery.
We find, therefore, in the four great centres of modern industry in China- 1. At Hong Kong, British interests hold almost a monopoly.
2. At Shanghai, they are very extensive, especially in engineering and cotton-
spinning.
3. At Tien-tsin, they preponderate over any other Power except the Chinese
themselves.
4. At Hankow, they are less conspicuous, but by no means negligible.
The following is a list of British concerns in other Chinese cities:- Conton.-A. S. Watson and Co. Aerated water factory.
Kiukiang. Duff's Dairy Farm, Dairy produce, curing of hams and bacon and
canning. [4797 -1]
F
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